Swot Analysis Of Nestle - 1302 Words

External Environment General Environment Overall, the general environment for Nestlà © is very good. Considered the world’s largest packaged food and beverage manufacturer in the world, Nestlà © operates in 12 different segments of the consumer products market, including baby foods, bottled water, cereals, candy, coffee, prepared and prepackaged foods, dairy, drinks, food service, healthcare and nutrition, ice cream and pet care. Its stable of brands includes some of the best-known names in the industry, such as Stouffer’s, Dreyer’s, Hà ¤agen-Daz, Purina, Aero, Butterfinger, Gerber, Maggi and Perrier. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s fundamental purpose is to meet the needs of its customers and consumers for quality food products that offer value for money. It’s†¦show more content†¦They typically shop in bulk and are bargain hunters. As before mentioned, Nestlà © has a large variety of consumer markets. As such, the company does an amazing job at market segmentation i.e. lifestyle, personal ity, occupation, age and education. The graphic below illustrates the firm’s demographic picture: Sociocultural Segment Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s fundamental approach to business has been the creation of long-term sustainable value for its customers, consumers, employees, shareholders, and the society at large. The company’s Corporate Business Principles touts that it favors long-term business development over short-term profit. Being socially responsible is one of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s greatest responsibilities. Especially in light of the Nestlà © boycott in 1977 by the Infant Formula Action Coalition. Nestlà © failed to be socially responsible in the 1970s, pushing out their infant formula products and discouraging breastfeeding. This action led to a worldwide boycott towards Nestlà © for encouraging formula over breastfeeding and failing to factor in the living conditions of third world countries. Most third world countries do not have clean water while the infant formula requires it. The firm’s 42 commitments are published to hold Nestlà © accountable its performance to stakeholders, individuals and families, communities and the planet and to enable the organization to meet Sustainable Development Goals. In its efforts toShow MoreRelatedNestle Swot Analysis1652 Words   |  7 PagesNestle SWOT analysis Table of contents Name of Contents page number Introduction 3 About organization 3 SOWTRead MoreNestle Swot Analysis3105 Words   |  13 Pages| SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE NESTLE COMPANY | Organizational Theory and Behavior Term paper Prof. Asli Goksoy | | Nowadays the company is one of the largest consumer packaged goods company in the world with a huge range of varying products. Nestle has spread its power to different markets such as chocolate, infant foods, water, health care nutrition etc. Today it is on the markets of 86 countries with more than 283Read MoreSwot Analysis : Nestle Company1016 Words   |  5 Pagessubsequent document provides an analysis for Nestle that allows you to become aware of a brand-new product that could be successfully launched within the given the given target marketplace of India. SWOT Analysis was conducted for Nestle for selecting the purpose to launch the product in a country. A SWOT was conducted Strengths, Weakness and Opportunities and Threats. It is used to determine the positive and negative points to launch a product in a country. Nestle is one of the largest business organisationRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nestle909 Words   |  4 Pages1. STRENGTH Brand name: Nestle has a successful brand name in the worldwide. 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The charges revolve around the sale of infant feeding formulaRead MoreNestle: Strategic Management and Swot Analysis1862 Words   |  8 Pagesanalyze the company of Nestlà © to into the Singapore market. It is going to introduce company and country background, after that it will analyze the company of Nestlà © and Singapore market by using SWOT analysis, PEST analysis and Porter’s 5 Forces. Finally, it will have recommendation and conclusion to follow it. 2. Company background Henri Nestlà © founded Nestlà © in 1866 in Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world. Some of products are produced from Nestlà © include baby food, coffeeRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Wensley ( And Nestle )1067 Words   |  5 PagesWensley (and Nestle) is a multinational company specializing in the production of canned foods is based in Vevey, Switzerland was a result of the merger in 1905 of two Anglo-Swiss Milk Company for milk products which was founded by brothers Paige in Switzerland in 1866 and the company Vary to Akti Henry Wensley which Henry Wensley was founded in 1867 and which was produced foods infant at the time Type a public shareholding limited liability company Inception Date Switzerland (1866) HeadquartersRead Moreswot of nestle1085 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ SWOT Analysis Essay on Nestlà © 1 SWOT Analysis Essay on Nestlà © Draft 1 Zehua Qiu Jet CS1 COB Jessy Hendrickx April 18,2013 SWOT Analysis Essay on Nestlà © 2 Introduction According to the Nestlà © official website, Nestlà ©, which was founded in 1866, is one of the biggest food companies in the world. It provides good quality food for people of allRead MoreSwot Analysis For Food Industry Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nestle S.A is a leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company, founded in 1866. It is dedicated to the production, manufacture and distribution of healthcare goods and beverages. Their strong nutrition commitment and very popular brands are some of the main factors that have contributed with its success amongst other food companies. However, food industry may be truly complex and very competitive, therefore, it is necessary a SWOT analysis application in order to examine how the companyRead MoreNestle Maketing Plan1637 Words   |  7 PagesNestle Marketing Plan Benjamin Tello ERAU Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Company Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Market Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....5 The 4 Ps of Marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....8 Abstract Nestle is one of the major companies in the food processing industry. It was founded in by Henri Nestle

Television Is a Great Invention Free Essays

Some people say television is the worst inventions of modern times. They make this assertion for some reasons. The following points are some of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Television Is a Great Invention or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, they think that televisions make people more passive than before. Second, they think televisions contribute to the fact that people are more distant to each other. To begin with, I must admit that the first point is reasonable. With a television all you need to do—and all you can do is to sit on a comfortable sofa and look at the screen. People are becoming more passive simply because there is no interaction and no efforts on them. Everything contains good side and bad side and television has no exception. Yeah, of course, it makes people lazier and passive. They just watch things on TV instead of doing by themselves. But apart from that, television is by all means a great invention. There is only a minority of people who can watch some events on the scene, like some live matches and competitions . So how can the rest of people participate in the events far from the place the events happen? Of course through television which all people are legal and free to enjoy can we do so. In addition, to people who want to travel but with no money, television is undoubtedly a great thing through which people can see the world only by sitting ideally at home. To the second point, I want to say that it is true. Televisions do make people less close to each other. Family get-togethers and conversations are disturbed by TV—when one member is watching TV, he would like others to keep quiet. But everyone have time when he or she is alone. Television alienates people not so much as it provides all kinds of relaxation and entertainment for people when they are alone. Although television addict some adolescents to situation comedies; although televisions put glasses on millions of students’ noses; although television reduce communications between families and friends, the advantages of television are far more than the harm it does to us. To us individuals, when we finish a whole day’s work and feel exhausted both physically and mentally, we may turn on televisions and have a good relaxation; when we want to get information on sports?entertainment or large events in the world, we turn on televisions and get it from all kinds of TV programs; even when we want to learn English?etiquette or custom of foreign countries, we can turn on the television and get what we need from them, always. In a word, I think television is a great invention which is of great significance to the evolution of human society. References: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Television-Great-Invention/100718 http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/television/good_things_tv.cfm http://articles.famouswhy.com/the_benefits_and_dangers_of_television/ http://wenda.tianya.cn/wenda/thread?tid=24535823bd68dd80 http://wenwen.soso.com/z/q138729005.htm How to cite Television Is a Great Invention, Papers

CONTENTS 3 Introduction 4 The Human Heart 5 Sympto Essay Example For Students

CONTENTS 3 Introduction 4 The Human Heart 5 Sympto Essay CONTENTS3 Introduction 4 The Human Heart 5 Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease 5 Heart Attack 5 Sudden Death 5 Angina 6 Angina Pectoris 6 Signs and Symptoms 7 Different Forms of Angina 8 Causes of Angina 9 Atherosclerosis 9 Plaque 10 Lipoproteins 10 Lipoproteins and Atheroma 11 Risk Factors 11 Family History 11 Diabetes 11 Hypertension 11 Cholesterol 12 Smoking 12 Multiple Risk Factors 13 Diagnosis 14 Drug Treatment 14 Nitrates 14 Beta-blockers 15 Calcium antagonists 15 Other Medications 16 Surgery 16 Coronary Bypass Surgery 17 Angioplasty 18 Self-Help 20 Type-A Behaviour Pattern 21 Cardiac Rehab Program 22 Conclusion 23 Diagrams and Charts 26 Bibliography INTRODUCTION In todays society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, coronary heart disease remains the number one killer in the world. The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, ho micides, AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not realizing is that coronary heart disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and others, COMBINED. One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina pectoris. Unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizing that it may lead to other complications, and even death.THE HUMAN HEART In order to understand angina, one must know about our own heart. The human heart is a powerful muscle in the body which is worked the hardest. A double pump system, the heart consists of two pumps side by side, which pump blood to all parts of the body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood through the body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until death. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ slightly bigger than a persons clenched fist. It is located in the centre of the chest, under the breastbone above the sternum, but it is slanted slightly to the left, giving people the impression that their heart is on the left side of their chest. The heart is divided into two halves, which are further divided into four chambers: the left atrium and ventricle, and the right atrium and ventricle. Each chamber on one side is separated from the other by a valve, and it is the closure of these valves that produce the lubb-dubb sound so familiar to us. (see Fig. 1 The Structure of the Heart) Like any other organs in our body, the heart needs a supply of blood and oxygen, and coronary arteries supply them. There are two main coronary arteries, the left coronary artery, and the right coronary artery. They branch off the main artery of the body, the aorta. The right coronary artery circles the right side and goes to the back of the heart. The left coronary artery further divides into the left circumflex and the left anterior descending artery. These two left arteries feed the front and the left side of the heart. The division of the left coronary artery is the reason why doctors usually refer to three main coronary arteries. (Fig. 2 Coronary Arteries)SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE There are three main symptoms of coronary heart disease: Heart Attack, Sudden Death, and Angina. Heart Attack Heart attack occurs when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells supplied by that artery. Coronary and Coronary Thrombosis2 are terms that can refer to a heart attack. Another term, Acute myocardial infarction2, means death of heart muscle due to an inadequate blood supply.Sudden Death Sudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest may be the first symptom of coronary artery disease and may occur without any symptoms or warning signs. Other causes of sudden deaths include drowning, suffocation, electrocuti on, drug overdose, trauma (such as automobile accidents), and stroke. Drowning, suffocation, and drug overdose usually cause respiratory arrest which in turn cause cardiac arrest. Trauma may cause sudden death by severe injury to the heart or brain, or by severe blood loss. Stroke causes damage to the brain which can cause respiratory arrest and/or cardiac arrest. Angina People with coronary artery disease, whether or not they have had a heart attack, may experience intermittent chest pain, pressure, or discomforts. This situation is known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the narrowing of the coronary arteries temporarily prevents an adequate supply of blood and oxygen to meet the demands of working heart muscles.ANGINA PECTORIS Angina Pectoris (from angina meaning strangling, and pectoris meaning breast) is commonly known simply as angina and means pain in the chest. The term angina was first used during a lecture in 1768 by Dr. William Heberden. The word was not intended to indi cate pain, but rather strangling, with a secondary sensation of fear. Victims suffering from angina may experience pressure, discomfort, or a squeezing sensation in the centre of the chest behind the breastbone. The pain may radiate to the arms, the neck, even the upper back, and the pain may come and go. It occurs when the heart is not receiving enough oxygen to meet an increased demand. Angina, as mentioned before, is only temporarily, and it does not cause any permanent damage to the heart muscle. The underlying coronary heart disease, however, continues to progress unless actions are taken to prevent it from becoming worse. Signs and Symptoms Angina does not necessarily involve pain. The feeling varies from individuals. In fact, some people described it as chest pressure, chest distress, heaviness, burning feeling, constriction, tightness, and many more. A person with angina may feel discomforts that fit one or several of the following descriptions: -Mild, vague discomfort in th e centre of the chest, whichmay radiate to the left shoulder or arm -Dull ache, pins and needles, heaviness or pains in the arms, usually more severe in the left arm -Pain that feels like severe indigestion -Heaviness, tightness, fullness, dull ache, intensepressure, a burning, vice-like, constriction, squeezingsensation in the chest, throat or upper abdomen -Extreme tiredness, exhaustion of a feeling of collapse -Shortness of breath, choking sensation -A sense of foreboding or impending death accompanying chest discomfort -Pains in the jaw, gums, teeth, throat or ear lobe -Pains in the back or between the shoulder bladesAngina can be so severe that a person may feel frightened, or so mild that it might be ignored. Angina attacks are usually short, from one or two minutes to a maximum of about four to five. It usually goes away with rest, within a couple of minutes, or ten minutes at the most. Different Forms of Angina There are several known forms of angina. Brief pain that comes o n exertion and leave fairly quickly on rest is known as stable angina. When angina pain occurs during rest, it is called unstable angina. The symptoms are usually severe and the coronary arteries are badly narrowed. If a person suffers from unstable angina, there is a higher risk for that person to develop heart attacks. The pain may come up to 20 times a day, and it can wake a person up, especially after a disturbing dream. Another type of angina is called atypical or variant angina. In this type of angina, pain occurs only when a person is resting or asleep rather than from exertion. It is thought to be the result of coronary artery spasm, a sort of cramp that narrows the arteries. Causes of Angina The main cause of angina is the narrowing of the coronary arteries. In a normal person, the inner walls of the coronary arteries are smooth and elastic, allowing them to constrict and expand. This flexibility permits varying amounts of oxygenated blood, appropriate to the demand at the time, to flow through the coronary arteries. As a person grows older, fatty deposits will accumulate on the artery walls, especially if the linings of the arteries are damaged due to cigarette smoking or high blood pressure. As more and more fatty materials build up, they form plaques which causes the arteries to narrow and thus restricting the flow of blood. This process is known as atherosclerosis. However, angina usually does not occur until about two-thirds of the arterys diameter is blocked. Besides atherosclerosis, there are other heart conditions resulting in the starvation of oxygen of the heart, which also causes angina. The nerve factor The arteries are supplied with nerves, which allow them to be controlled directly by the brain, especially the hypothalamus an area at the centre of the brain which regulates the emotions. The brain controls the expanding and narrowing of the arteries when necessary. The pressures of modern life: aggression, hostility, never-ending deadli nes, remorseless, competition, unrest, insecurity and so on, can trigger this control mechanism.When you become emotional, the chemicals that are released, such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serotonin, can cause a further constriction of the coronary arteries. The pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain, under the control of the hypothalamus, can signal the adrenal glands to increase the production of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline even further. Coronary spasm Sudden constrictions of the muscle layer in an artery can cause platelets to stick together, temporarily restricting the flow of flow. This is known as coronary spasm. Platelets are minute particles in the blood, which play an essential role both in the clotting process and in repairing any damaged arterial walls. They tend to clump together more easily when the blood is full of chemicals released during arousal, such as cortisol and others. Coronary spasm causes the platelets to stick tog ether and to the wall of the artery, while substances released by the platelets as they stick together further constrict the blood vessels. If the artery is already narrowed, this can have a devastating effect as it drastically reduces the blood flow. (Fig. 3 Spasm in a coronary artery) When people are very tense, they usually overbreathe or hold their breath altogether. Shallow, irregular but rapid breathing washes out carbon dioxide from the system and the blood will become over-oxygenated. One might think that the more oxygen in the blood the better, but overloaded blood actually does not give up oxygen as easily, therefore the amount of oxygen available to the heart is reduced. Carbon dioxide is present in the blood in the form of carbonic acid, when there is a loss in carbonic acid, the blood becomes more basic, or alkaline, which leads to spasm of blood vessels, almost certainly in the brain but also in the heart.ATHEROSCLEROSIS The coronary arteries may be clogged with ather osclerotic plaques, thus narrowing the diameter. Plaques are usually collections of connection tissue, fats, and smooth muscle cells. The plaque project into the lumen, the passageway of the artery, and interfere with the flow of blood. In a normal artery, the smooth muscle cells are in the middle layer of the arterial wall; in atherosclerosis they migrate into the inner layer. The reason behind their migration could hold the answers to explain the existence of atherosclerosis. Two theories have been developed for the cause of atherosclerosis. The first theory was suggested by German pathologist Rudolf Virchow over 100 years ago. He proposed that the passage of fatty material into the arterial wall is the initial cause of atherosclerosis. The fatty material, especially cholesterol, acts as an irritant, and the arterial wall respond with an outpouring of cells, creating atherosclerotic plaque. The second theory was developed by Austrian pathologist Karl von Rokitansky in 1852. He sug gested that atherosclerotic plaques are aftereffects of blood-clot organization (thrombosis). The clot adheres to the intima and is gradually converted to a mass of tissue, which evolves into a plaque. There are evidences to support the latter theory. It has been found that platelets and fibrin (a protein, the final product in thrombosis) are often found in atherosclerotic plaques, also found are cholesterol crystals and cells which are rich in lipid. The evidence suggests that thrombosis may play a role in atherosclerosis, and in the development of the more complicated atherosclerotic plaque. Though thrombosis may be important in initiating the plaque, an elevated blood lipid level may accelerate arterial narrowing. Plaque Inside the plaque is a yellow, porridge-like substance, consisting of blood lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides. These lipids are found in the bloodstream, they combine with specific proteins to form lipoproteins. All lipoprotein particles contain cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and proteins, but the proportion varies in different particles.Lipoproteins Lipoproteins all vary in size. The largest lipoproteins are called Chylomicra, and consist mostly of triglycerides. The next in size are the pre-beta-lipoproteins, then the beta lipoproteins. As their size decreases, so do their concentration of triglycerides, but the smaller they are, the more cholesterol they contain. Pre- beta-lipoproteins are also known as low density lipoproteins (LDL), and beta lipoproteins are also called very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). They are most significant in the development of atheroma. The smallest lipoprotein particles, the alpha lipoproteins, contain a low concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, but a high level of proteins, and are also known as high density lipoproteins (HDL). They are thought to be protective against the development of atherosclerotic plaque. In fact, they are transported to the liver rather than to the blood ve ssels. Lipoproteins and Atheroma The theory is that lipoproteins pass between the lining cells of the arteries and some of them accumulate underneath. All except the chylomicra, which are too big, have a chance to accumulate. The protein in the lipoproteins are broken down by enzymes, leaving behind the cholesterol and triglycerides. These fats are trapped and set up a small inflammatory reaction. The alpha particles do not react with the enzymes are returned to the circulation. RISK FACTORS There are several risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and angina: Family history, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cholesterol, and Smoking. Family History We all carry approximately 50 genes that affect the function and structure of the heart and blood vessels. Genetics can determine ones risk of having heart disease. There are many cases today where heart disease runs in a family, for many generations.Diabetes Diabetics are at least twice as likely to develop angina than nondiabetics, and the risk is higher in women than in men. Diabetes causes metabolic injury to the lining of arteries, as a result, the tiny blood vessels that nourish the walls of medium-size arteries throughout the body, including the coronary arteries, become defective. These microscopic vessels become blocked, impeding the delivery of blood to the lining of the larger arteries, causing them to deteriorate, and artherosclerosis results. Hypertension High blood pressure directly injures the artery lining by several mechanisms. The increased pressure compresses the tiny vessels that feed the artery wall, causing structural changes in these tiny arteries. Microscopic fracture lines then develop in the arterial wall. The cells lining the arteries are compressed and injured, and can no longer act as an adequate barrier to cholesterol and other substances collecting in the inner walls of the blood vessels.Cholesterol Cholesterol has become one of the most important issues in the last d ecade. Reducing cholesterol intake can directly decrease ones risk of developing heart disease, and people today are more conscious of what they eat, and how much cholesterol their foods contain. Cholesterol causes atherosclerosis by progressively narrowing the arteries and reduces blood flow. The building up of fatty deposits actually begins at an early age, and the process progresses slowly. By the time the person reaches middle-age, a high cholesterol level can be expected.Smoking It has been proven that about the only thing smoking do is shorten a persons life. Despite all the warnings by the surgeon general, people still manage to find an excuse to quit smoking. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, radioactive polonium, nicotine, arsenious oxide, benzopyrene, and levels of radon and molybdenum that are TWENTY times the allowable limit for ambient factory air. The two agents that have the most significant effect on the cardiovascular system are carbon monoxide and nicotine. Nicotine has no direct effect on the heart or the blood vessels, but it stimulates the nerves on these structures to cause the secretion of adrenaline. The increase of adrenaline and noradrenaline increases blood pressure and heart rate by about 10% for an hour per cigarette. In simpler words, nicotine causes the heart to beat more vigorously. Carbon monoxide, on the other hand, poisons the normal transport systems of cell membranes lining the coronary arteries. This protective lining breaks down, exposing the undersurface to the ravages of the passing blood, with all its clotting factors as well as cholesterol. Multiple Risk Factors The five major risk factors described above do more than just add to one another. There is a virtual multiplication effect in victims with more than one risk factor. (Chart: Risk Factors)DIAGNOSIS It is very important for patients to tell their doctors of the symptoms as honestly and accurately as possible. The doctor will need to know about other symp toms that may distinguish angina from other conditions, such as esophagitis, pleurisy, costochondritis, pericarditis, a broken rib, a pinched nerve, a ruptured aorta, a lung tumour, gallstones, ulcers, pancreatitis, a collapsed lung or just be nervous. Each of the above mentioned is capable of causing chest pain. A patient may take a physical examination, which includes taking the pulse and blood pressure, listening to the heart and lung with a stethoscope, and checking weight. Usually an experienced cardiologist can distinguish it as a cardiac or noncardiac situation within minutes. There are also routine tests, such as urine and blood tests, which can be used to determine body fat level. Blood test can also tests for:Anemia where the level of haemogoblin is too low, and can restrict the supply of blood to the heart.Kidney function levels of various salts, and waste products, mainly urea and creatinine in the blood. Normally these levels should be quite low.There are other factor s which can be tested such as salt level, blood fat and sugar levels. A chest x-ray provides the doctor with information about the size of the heart. Like any other muscles in the body, if the heart works too hard for a period of time, it develops, or enlarges. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is the tracing of the electrical activity of the heart. As the heart beats and relaxes, the signals of the hearts electrical activities are picked up and the pattern is recorded. The pattern consists of a series of alternating plateaus and sharp peaks. ECG can indicate if high blood pressure has produced any strain on the heart. It can tell if the heart is beating regularly or irregularly, fast or slow. It can also pick up unnoticed heart attacks. A variation of the ECG is the veterocardiogram (VCG). It performs exactly like the ECG except the electrical activity is shown in the form of loops, or vectors, which can be watched on a screen, printed on paper, or photographed. What makes VCG superior to ECG is that VCG provides a three-dimensional view of a single heart beat.DRUG TREATMENT Angina patients are usually prescribed at least one drug. Some of the drugs prescribed improve blood flow, while others reduce the strain on the heart. Commonly prescribed drugs are nitrates, beta- blockers, and Calcium antagonists. It should be noted that drugs for angina only relief the pain, it does nothing to correct the underlying disorder. Nitrates Nitroglycerine, which is the basis of dynamite, relaxes the smooth fibres of the blood vessels, allowing the arteries to dilate. They have a tendency to produce flushing and headaches because the arteries in the head and other parts of the body will also dilate. Glyceryl trinitrate is a short-acting drug in the form of small tablets. It is taken under the tongue for maximum and rapid absorption since that area is lined with capillaries. It usually relieves the pain within a minute or two. One of the drawbacks of trinitrates is that they can be e xposed too long as they deteriorate in sunlight. Trinitrates also come in the form of ointment or transdermal sticky patch which can be applied to the skin. Dinitrates and mononitrates are used for the prevention of angina attacks rather than as pain relievers. They are slower acting than trinitrates, but they have a more prolonged effect. They have to be taken regularly, usually three to four times a day. Dinitrates are more common than trinitrates or tetranitrates. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are used to prevent angina attacks. They reduce the work of the heart by regulating the heart beat, as well as blood pressure; the amount of oxygen required is thereby reduced. These drugs can block the effects of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline at sites called beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. These hormones increase both blood pressure and heart rate. Other sites affected by these hormones are known as alpha receptors.There are side effects, however, for using beta-blockers. Further reduction in the pumping action may drive to a heart failure if the heart is strained by heart disease. Hands and feet get cold due to the constriction of peripheral vessels. Beta- blockers can sometimes pass into the brain fluids, and causes vivid dreams, sleep disturbance, and depression. There is also a possibility of developing skin rashes and dry eyes. Some beta- blockers raise the level of blood cholesterol and triglycerides. Calcium antagonists These drugs help prevent angina by moping up calcium in the artery walls. The arteries then become relaxed and dilated, so reducing the resistance to blood flow, and the heart receives more blood and oxygen. They also help the heart muscle to use the oxygen and nutrients in the blood more efficiently. In larger dose they also help lower the blood pressure. The drawback for calcium antagonists is that they tend to cause dizziness and fluid retention, resulting in swollen ankles.Other Medications There are new drug s being developed constantly. Pexid, for example, is useful if other drugs fail in severe angina attacks. However, it produces more side effects than others, such as pins and needles and numbness in limbs, muscle weakness, and liver damage. It may also precipitate diabetes, and damages to the retina.SURGERY When medications or any other means of treatment are unable to control the pain of angina attacks, surgery is considered. There are two types of surgical operation available: Coronary Bypass and Angioplasty. The bypass surgery is the more common, while angioplasty is relatively new and is also a minor operation. Surgery is only a last resort to provide relief and should not be viewed as a permanent cure for the underlying disease, which can only be controlled by changing ones lifestyle.Coronary Bypass Surgery The bypass surgery involves extracting a vein from another part of the body, usually the leg, and uses it to construct a detour around the diseased coronary artery. This pro cedure restores the blood flow to the heart muscle. Although this may sound risky, the death rate is actually below 3 per cent. This risk is higher, however, if the disease is widespread and if the heart muscle is already weakened. If the grafted artery becomes blocked, a heart attack may occur after the operation. The number of bypasses depends on the number of coronary arteries affected. Coronary artery disease may affect one, two, or all three arteries. If more than one artery is affected, then several grafts will have to be carried out during the operation. About 20 per cent of the patients considered for surgery have only one diseased vessel. In 50 per cent of the patients, there are two affected arteries, and in 30 per cent the disease strikes all three arteries. These patients are known to be suffering from triple vessel disease and require a triple-bypass. Triple vessel disease and disease of the left main coronary artery before it divides into two branches are the most seri ous conditions. The operation itself incorporates making an incision down the length of the breastbone in order to expose the heart. The patient is connected to a heart-lung machine, which takes over the function of the heart and lungs during the operation and also keeps the patient alive. At the same time, a small incision is made on the leg to remove a section of the vein.Once the section of vein has been removed, it is attached to the heart. One end of the vein is sewn to the aorta, while the other end is sewn into the affected coronary artery just beyond the diseased segment. The grafted vein now becomes the new artery through which the blood can flow freely beyond the obstruction. The original artery is thus bypassed. The whole operation requires about four to five hours, and may be longer if there is more than one bypass involved. After the operation, the patient is sent to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for recovery. The angina pain is usually relieved or controlled, partially or completely, by the operation. However, the operation does not cure the underlying disease, so the effects may begin to diminish after a while, which may be anywhere from a few months to several years. The only way patients can avoid this from happening is to change their lifestyles. Angioplasty This operation is a relatively new procedure, and it is known in full as transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty. It entails squashing the atherosclerotic plaque with balloons. A very thin balloon catheter is inserted into the artery in the arm or the leg of a patient under general anaesthetic. The balloon catheter is guided under x-ray just beyond the narrowed coronary artery. Once there, the balloon is inflated with fluid and the fatty deposits are squashed against the artery walls. The balloon is then deflated and drawn out of the body. This technique is a much simpler and more economical alternative to the bypass surgery. The procedure itself requires less time and the patient only remains in the hospital for a few days afterward. Exactly how long the operation takes depends on where and in how many places the artery is narrowed. It is most suitable when the disease is limited to the left anterior descending artery, but sometimes the plaques are simply too hard, making them impossible to be squashed, in which case a bypass might be necessary.SELF-HELP The only way patients can prevent the condition of their heart from deteriorating any further is to change their lifestyles. Although drugs and surgery exist, if the heart is exposed to pressure continuously and it strains any further, there will come one day when nothing works, and all that remain is a one-way ticket to heaven. The following are some advices on how people can change the way they live, and enjoy a lifetime with a healthy heart once more. Work A person should limit the amount of exertions to the point where angina might occur. This varies from person to person, some people can do just as much work as they did before developing angina, but only at a slower pace. Try to delegate more, reassess your priorities, and learn to pace yourself. If the rate of work is uncontrollable, think about changing the job. Exercise Everyone should exercise regularly to ones limits. This may sound contradictory that, on the one hand, you are told to limit your exertion and, on the other, you are told to exercise. It is actually better if one exercise regularly within his or her limits. Exercises can be grouped into two categories: isotonic and isometric. People suffering from angina should limit themselves to only isotonic exercises. This means one group of muscle is relaxed while another group is contracted. Examples of this type of exercise include walking, swimming leisurely, and yoga; some harder exercises are cycling and jogging. Weight Loss The more weight there is on the body, the more work the heart has to do. Reducing unnecessary weight will reduce the amount of strain on the heart, and likely lower blood pressure as well. One can lose weight by simply eating less than their normal intake, but keep in mind that the major goal is to cut down on fatty and sugar foods, which are low in nutrients and high in calories.Diet What you eat can have a direct effect on the kind of condition you are in. To stay fit and healthy, eat fewer animal fats, and foods that are high in cholesterol. They include fatty meat, lard, suet, butter, cream and hard cheese, eggs, prawns, offal and so on. Also, the amount of salt intake should be reduced. Eat more food containing a high amount of fibre, such as wholegrain cereal products, pulses, wholemeal bread, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables. Alcohol, tea and coffee Alcohol in moderation does no harm to the body, but it does contain calories and may slow the weight loss progress. People can drink as much mineral water, fruit juice and ordinary or herb tea as they wish, but no more than two cups of coffee per day. Cigarettes It has bee n medically proven that cigarettes do the body no good at all. It makes the heart beat faster, constricts the blood vessels, and generally increases the amount of work the heart has to do. The only right thing to do is to quit smoking, it will not be easy, but it is worth the effort.Stress Stress can actually be classified as a major risk factor, and it is one neglected by most people. Try to avoid those heated arguments and emotional situations that increase blood pressure, as well as stimulate the release of stress hormones. If they are unavoidable, try to anticipate them and prevent the attack by sucking an angina tablet beforehand. Relaxation Help your body to relax when feeling tense by sitting or lying down quietly. Close your eyes, breathe slowly and deeply through the nose, make each exhalation long, soft and steady. An adequate amount of sleep each night is always important. Sexual activity It is true that sexual intercourse may bring on an angina attack, but the chronic fr ustration of abstinence may cause more tension. If intercourse precipitates angina, either suck on an angina tablet a few minutes beforehand or let your partner assume the more active role.TYPE-A BEHAVIOUR PATTERN There is a marked increase of coronary heart disease in most industrialized societies in the twentieth century. This may have resulted, in part, because these societies reward those who performed more quickly, aggressively, and competitively. Type-A individuals of both sexes were considered to have the following characteristics: (1) an intense, sustained drive to achieve self-selected but often poorly defined goals.(2) a profound inclination and eagerness to compete.(3) a persistent desire for recognition andadvancement.(4) a continuous involvement in multiple and diverse functions subject to time restrictions.(5) habitual propensity to accelerate the rate ofexecution of most physical and mental functions.(6) extraordinary mental and physical alertness.(7) aggressive and h ostile feelings. The enhanced competitiveness of type-A persons leads to an aggressive and ambitious achievement orientation, increased mental and physical alertness, muscular tension, and an explosive and rapid style of speech. A sense of time urgency leads to restlessness, impatience, and acceleration of most activities. This in turn may result in irritability and the enhanced potential for type-A hostility and anger. Type-A individuals are thus at an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. The type-A behaviour pattern is defined as an action-emotion complex involving10:(1) behavioural dispositions (e.g., ambitiousness,aggressiveness, competitiveness, and impatience).(2) specific behaviours (e.g., muscle tenseness,alertness, rapid and emphatic speech stylistics, and accelerated pace of most activities).(3) emotional responses (e.g., irritation, hostility,and anger). Comparatively, type-A persons are more risky to develop coronary heart disease than type-B individuals, whose manners and behaviours are relaxed. The risk, however, is independent of the risk factors. Not all physicians are convinced that type-A behaviour pattern is a risk factor, and thousands of studies and researches are currently being done by experts on this topic.THE CARDIAC REHAB PROGRAM This program at the Credit Valley Hospital is designed to help patients with coronary artery disease lower their overall risk, and to prevent any further attacks. It provides rehabilitation for patients who are likely to have heart attacks, have had heart attacks, or had a recent surgery. Most patients come to this one-hour class two nights a week, which takes place outside the physiotherapy department. The class is ran by volunteers, and is usually supervised by a kinesiologist. The patients come in a little before 6:00 pm, and have their blood pressure taken. At six oclock, volunteers will take the patients through a fifteen-minute warm-up. After the warm-up, the patients will go on with the ir exercise for half an hour. The patients can choose from walking, rowing machines, stationary bicycles, and arm ergometer, or a combination of two or more as their exercise. Each patient is reassessed once a month, in order to keep track of their progress. Volunteers will ask the patient being reassessed a series of questions, which includes frequency of exercise, type of exercise program, problems with exercise, etc. About 6:30, when the patients are near the peak of their exercise, the ones being reassessed will have to have their pulse and blood pressure measured; to see if they have reached their target heart rate, and to see if their blood pressure goes up as expected. At about 6:45, the patients end their exercise and cool-down begins. Cool-down is in a way similar to warm-up, only this helps the patients to relax their hearts, as well as their body after a half-hour workout. After cool-down most patients have their blood pressure taken again just to make sure nothing unusua l occurs.CONCLUSION Angina pectoris is not a disease which affect a persons heart permanently, but to encounter angina pain means something is wrong. The pain is the hearts distress signal, a built-in warning device indicating that the heart has reached its maximum workload. Upon experiencing angina, precautions should be taken. A persons lifestyle plays a major role in determining the chance of developing heart diseases. If people do not learn how to prevent it themselves, coronary artery disease will remain as the single biggest killer in the world, by far.DIAGRAMS AND CHARTSFig. 1 The Structure of the HeartFig. 2 Coronary arteriesFig. 3 Spasm in a coronary artery RISK FACTORSAverage Risk = 100NONE 77CIGARETTES120CIGARETTESAND CHOLESTEROL236CIGARETTES, CHOLESTEROL, AND 384HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE100200300400500 For purpose of illustration, this chart uses as abnormal a blood pressure level of 180 systolic and a very high cholesterol level of 310 in a 45-year-old man. CORONARY HEART DIS EASE AND MULTIPLE FACTORS HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, HIGH CHOLESTEROL AND CIGARETTES HIGH CHOLESTEROL AND CIGARETTESCIGARETTESNONELOW 1 1/2 times3 times5 times BIBLIOGRAPHY1.Amsterdam, Ezra A. and Ann M. Holms. TAKE CARE OF YOURHEART, New York, Facts on File, 1984.2.Houston, B. Kent and C.R. Snyder. TYPE A BEHAVIOUR PATTERN,John Wiley ; Sons, Inc., 1988.3.Pantano, James A. LIVING WITH ANGINA, New York,Harper ; Row, 1990.4.Patel, Chandra. FIGHTING HEART DISEASE, Toronto,Macmillan, 1988.5.Shillingford, J.P. CORONARY HEART DISEASE: THE FACTS,Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1982.6.The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. CARDIOPULMONARYRESUSCITATION BASIC RESCUER MANUAL, Canada, 1987.7.Tiger, Steven. HEART DISEASE, New York,Julian Messner, 1986. Scarlet letter- guilty heart Essay

Tommy Pearson Essays - Tommy Douglas, Typesetters,

Tommy Pearson Pearson. Churchill. MacDonald. Trudeau. This list is composed of some of the greatest and most respected men to shape the history of Canada and who meld the country we live in into its current state. One notable but equally influential Canadian politician missing from this list is Tommy Douglas. Tommy Douglas's government lasted from 1944 to 1960. During these sixteen years, he accomplished many great achievements, and brought in many important political changes to improve the health and living conditions of people all over the country. What exactly did Tommy Douglas accomplish that made him so great? Tommy Douglas was born in Falkirk, Scotland, on October 12, 1904. In 1910, his family immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada. When the first World War struck, the Douglas family moved back temporarily to Glascow. There, he worked at a whiskey factory until the War ended. He then moved back to Winnipeg, where he worked as an apprentice printer at the Winnipeg Free Press and Grain Trade News. There, he learned first hand the needs and views of the common citizen. By 19, he had successfully earned his Journeymans as a printer. By then, however, he had earned a good reputation as a Baptist Preacher. There he met JS Woodsworth, a Methodist Preacher and political party CCF leader. He finished his schooling at McMaster University, earning an MA. In 1934, Tommy Douglas began his political career. He ran unsuccessfully for provincial candidate of the Farmer-Labour party of Saskatchewan. The next year, he won as the CCF candidate for the federal constituency of Weyburn. By 1941, he was selected as the provincial leader of the Saskatchewan Provincial party in George Williams absence, who hd gone overseas to follow the war. He later resigned his federal position to lead the Saskatchewan CCF, and won the election with 47 seats of 53. During his five terms as premier, Douglas introduced many reforms, mostly geared towards public hospitals and medical care. These reforms moved Saskatchewan to a more forward and prosperous state. In his first year alone, he introduced 72 bills that were aimed at social or economic changes. After only two years, he had reduced provincial deficit by $20 million. Some of Tommy Douglas's greatest accomplishments were pensioner benefits and universal hospitilization. In 1944, he introduced pensioners to free medical, dental, and hospital services, as well as free treatment of cancer, mental illness, tuberculosis, and venereal diseases. During his campaining for the Humanity First, 70% of the CCF budget went into health, welfare, and education. In 1947, universal hospitilation was introduced. For five dollars per annum per person, the cost of medical treatment for the sick was spread to the entire population. As the province's finances became more stable, within 12 year he announced the medicare plan. The medicare plan was an upgrade of the previous universal hospilitation program. Tommy Douglas also brought in many other non-health related changes. For example, his Crown Corporation Act allowed provincial air and bus lines. The Timber borad allowed the preservation of precious lumber resources. Also, SaskTel, or Saskatchewan Telephone, gave che ap, high quality telephone access to mos tof the people in the country. Douglas' CCF then introduced the Trade Union Act, requiring collective bargaining to be mandatory and extending the rights of civil servants. Worker's compensation, mandatory minimum wages, and paid holidays were set. In a mere four years, union membership rose 118 percent. To show the commiutment Douglas' government had to it's constituents, each CCF cabinet member took a 28% pay cut to pay for any new departments created. However, perhaps Douglas' greatest crown corporation accomplishment was Saskatchewan Power Corporation. Before the power grid had been hooked up, about 300 rural buildings had electricity. After, over 65,000 farmhouses had been connected. For all Tommy Douglas has done, he will always be remembered as one to help the little guy. His unrelenting support for anyone who was disabled or out of favor was a extreme tribute to the character this man contained, and his generosity has touched people around the province. Thousands of people benefited from his great leadership and thoughtful government. Tommy Douglas has been and still is a role model for many young Canadian people. Bibliography 1992 Software Toolworks Encyclopedia Biographies

Free Essays on My Last Duchess Poem Analysis

Picture Frame Bill Cosby once said, â€Å"It’s not a lack of love, but a lack of trust that makes an unhappy marriage.† Would a man kill his wife if he didn’t trust her? Narrating his own tale of possessiveness, jealousy, and murder, the husband in Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† intentionally justifies his dead wife’s actions. The husband in Browning’s poem considered his most prized possession to be his wife. Like household objects the husband considered his wife to be no less then just a thing. In his opening statements the husband introduces his dead wife in a painting he had made to be placed on his mantle. The husband obviously felt that just like a chair or a table, he had every right to the painting and the person inside. He told her how to behave and even in the end not to smile at all. Another factor that made the husband tighten his hold on his wife was that his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-year-old name† which he felt wasn’t considered the same to his wife like everyone else’s gift. The husband felt that his name wasn’t valued to her, as much as he did. Finally, he expressed his attitude toward his wife when he pointed out a bronze statue, which showed a sea god capturing a storm. Not only does it show’s he’s wealthy, but the fact that he consider s himself a god being able to tame anything, in this case his wife. His perception toward his wife, being merely just an object in his house like a statue or a painting, caused him to dominate his wife. When he felt that he couldn’t control her actions, he murdered her. There are many causes for the husband to be possessive. One cause was the fact that his wife received open advances from other men, and instead of ignoring them, which he felt she was supposed to, she openly acknowledged them. The wife was open to every man’s responses, which caused her husband to be more jealous. By her reactions to the men, the husband felt threatened by of his... Free Essays on My Last Duchess Poem Analysis Free Essays on My Last Duchess Poem Analysis Picture Frame Bill Cosby once said, â€Å"It’s not a lack of love, but a lack of trust that makes an unhappy marriage.† Would a man kill his wife if he didn’t trust her? Narrating his own tale of possessiveness, jealousy, and murder, the husband in Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† intentionally justifies his dead wife’s actions. The husband in Browning’s poem considered his most prized possession to be his wife. Like household objects the husband considered his wife to be no less then just a thing. In his opening statements the husband introduces his dead wife in a painting he had made to be placed on his mantle. The husband obviously felt that just like a chair or a table, he had every right to the painting and the person inside. He told her how to behave and even in the end not to smile at all. Another factor that made the husband tighten his hold on his wife was that his â€Å"gift of a nine-hundred-year-old name† which he felt wasn’t considered the same to his wife like everyone else’s gift. The husband felt that his name wasn’t valued to her, as much as he did. Finally, he expressed his attitude toward his wife when he pointed out a bronze statue, which showed a sea god capturing a storm. Not only does it show’s he’s wealthy, but the fact that he consider s himself a god being able to tame anything, in this case his wife. His perception toward his wife, being merely just an object in his house like a statue or a painting, caused him to dominate his wife. When he felt that he couldn’t control her actions, he murdered her. There are many causes for the husband to be possessive. One cause was the fact that his wife received open advances from other men, and instead of ignoring them, which he felt she was supposed to, she openly acknowledged them. The wife was open to every man’s responses, which caused her husband to be more jealous. By her reactions to the men, the husband felt threatened by of his...

A Review of Software Tools for Quantitative Data Analysis

A Review of Software Tools for Quantitative Data Analysis If youre a   sociology student or budding social scientist and have started to work with quantitative (statistical) data, analytic software will be very useful to you. These programs force researchers to organize and clean her data and offer pre-programmed commands that allow everything from very basic to quite advanced forms of statistical analysis. They even offer useful visualizations that will be useful as you seek to interpret your data, and that you may wish to use when presenting it to others. There are many programs on the market, but unfortunately, they are quite expensive to purchase. The good news for students and faculty is that most universities have licenses for at least one program which students and professors can use. In addition, most programs offer a free, pared-down version of the full software package which will often suffice. Heres a review of the three main programs that quantitative social scientists use. Statistical Package forSocial Science (SPSS) SPSS is the most popular quantitative analysis software program used by social scientists. Made and sold by IBM, it is comprehensive, flexible, and can be used with almost any type of data file. However, its especially useful for analyzing large-scale survey data. It can be used to generate tabulated reports, charts, and plots of distributions and trends, as well as generate descriptive statistics such as means, medians, modes and frequencies in addition to more complex statistical analyses like regression models. SPSS provides a user interface that makes it easy and intuitive for all levels of users. With menus and dialogue boxes, you can perform analyses without having to write command syntax, like in other programs. It is also simple and easy to enter and edit data directly into the program. There are a few drawbacks, however, which might not make it the best program for some researchers. For example, there is a limit on the number of cases you can analyze. It is also difficult to account for weights, strata and group effects with SPSS. STATA STATA is an interactive data analysis program that runs on a variety of platforms. It can be used for both simple and complex statistical analyses. STATA uses a point-and-click interface as well as command syntax, which makes it easy to use. STATA also make it simple to generate graphs and plots of data and results. Analysis in STATA is centered around four windows: the command window, review window, result window and variable window. Analysis commands are entered into the command window and the review window records those commands. The variables window lists the variables that are available in the current data set along with the variable labels, and the results appear in the results window. SAS SAS, short for Statistical Analysis System, is also used by many businesses; in addition to statistical analysis, it also allows programmers to perform report writing, graphics, business planning, forecasting, quality improvement, project management and more. SAS is a great program for the intermediate and advanced user because it is very powerful; it can be used with extremely large datasets and can perform complex and advanced analyses. SAS is good for analyses that require you to take into account weights, strata or groups. Unlike SPSS and STATA, SAS is run largely by programming syntax rather than point-and-click menus, so some knowledge of the programming language is required.

Challenges posed by the aging population (be specific) Research Paper

Challenges posed by the aging population (be specific) - Research Paper Example The difference in opinion is as a result of new findings of health care resources usage by the elderly and also from the recognition of the responses of elder patient in the past. Conversely, these changes bring some opportunities since people have longer and healthy lives. This essay is to present the challenges posed by an aging population and how the government, society and the businesses have responded to the whole issue. First, it is important to see the reason as to why the population is aging by looking at the population trends in the past half century (Neumark, 2009). Aging people are in most countries of the world. There are some factors behind this trend. For instance, longevity has increased in most parts of the world compared to the previous years. Globally, the life expectancy has increased from the age of 48 years in the 50s to 68 years presently. For the past 50 years, community division project aims to make the expectancy reach 76 years. In addition, the fertility rate of the world fell from five kids per woman in the 1950s to approximately 2.5 presently. Fertility is further projected to decline to about 2.2 in the next 50 years. Similarly, aging of a large number of children born after the World War II coupled by an equal boom elsewhere in the world are leading to a generation of an older people. UN estimates that the global number of old people will increase from 800 million currently to more than 2 billion by 2050 (equivalent to 22 percent of the entire population) (Shapner, 2006) Aging of a community presents many challenges and raises concerns on the pace of the future economic progress, financial integrity of pension systems and health care services and operation, and the health of the elderly (Shapner, 2006). Economic prosperity of any given economy depends crucially on the quality and size of the labor force to be productive and maximize on the available resources. From

Designation of Kahane Chai Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Designation of Kahane Chai - Research Paper Example As the result of the growing conflict in the Middle East, in the year 1947 following the War, the United Nations proposed a partition plan for British ruled Palestine. According to this plan, Palestine would have an Independent Jewish State and an Independent Arab State within recommended boundaries and a call for an economic union. The city of Jerusalem was however given a special shared status, proposed by the United Nations to accommodate the religious interests of both Arabs and Jews in the city. The treaty was signed in November 29th, 1947 and called for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom before 1st April 1948 from Palestine. This treaty was however met with mixed reactions by the respective Jewish and Arab nationalists. The Jewish community in Palestine accepted this proposal by the United Nations while the Arab committee and the Arab League rejected this proposal. This resulted in a civil war within the transitional period established by the United Nations and the partition plan was never carried out. Israel, however, proceeded to declare itself an independent state away from the British mandate of Palestine as awarded by Syria after World War I. This move by Israel led to aggression by neighboring Arab States. In this article, we will examine the rise of some Israeli radical thinkers and political activists groups such as Kach and Kahane Chai in the midst of this ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

The supreme law of the State Essay Example for Free

The supreme law of the State Essay The supreme law of the State assures protection of citizens against unlawful intrusions against their constitutionally guaranteed rights. One such confirmation of this assurance is the establishment of the exclusionary rule. Said rule prohibits the use or introduction of any evidence that has been obtained in violation of the rights granted to citizens by no less than the Constitution. Under this rule, regardless of the materiality or relevance of a certain piece of evidence to the prosecution of a crime or an offense, it cannot be admitted by the court if the same was acquired through the use of means which constitute unlawful intrusions against the rights of the accused or the person being investigated for the commission of an offense. Some would argue that the existence of said rule makes it difficult to prosecute individuals who are guilty of transgressing the law due to the fact that a quantity of evidence would have to be excluded in view of irregularities attendant in procuring said evidence. It must be noted however, that regardless of the difficulty in prosecution brought about by the exclusionary rule, said difficulty cannot be considered as enough justification for the abolition of said rule. It is opined that the exclusionary rule should not be abolished as the same does not only recognize and respect the rights of the citizens, but it also endeavors to strengthen the policy of gathering evidence within the bounds of law. Without the exclusionary rule, prosecution of offenses may be unproblematic and uncomplicated yet this could also lead to giving the authorities unbridled discretion in bringing together evidence and proof implicating an individual to the commission of an offense. In such a case, there exists a huge possibility that the rights of the person being investigated will be disregarded as the process of obtaining evidence for purposes of prosecuting an individual would be open to abuse by the authorities. This would clearly run counter to the protection granted by the Constitution to the rights of the citizens. In upholding the exclusionary rule, individuals are assured that evidence put together may only be used against them if the same was acquired in accordance with law. It is noteworthy that the law provides for the proper procedure in seizing evidence which is material to a particular case. As illustrated in the 1968 United States case of Terry vs. Ohio (392 U. S. 1, 88 S CT. 1868, 20 L. Ed 2d. 889), absent circumstances which would necessitate obtaining evidence or searching the accused without following the proper procedure laid down by law, the same cannot be considered as reasonable, and hence, any evidence gathered is deemed excluded. It thus appears that the exclusionary rule serves a dual purpose of ensuring respect for the constitutionally guaranteed rights of every citizen and making sure that lawful means are observed by authorities in obtaining evidence for the prosecution of a certain crime or offense. It is believed that there exists no cogent reason for abolishing the exclusionary rule. True, said rule may have made evidence gathering a grueling task for officers, but the rule also proved how the State values the interests and rights of its citizens.

Classroom Discipline and Management Philosophy Essay -- Classroom Manag

The goal in our classroom is to teach self-discipline, responsibility, cooperation, and problem-solving skills. Common causes of misbehavior include an attempt to meet unmet needs (belonging, significance, fun); a lack of needed skills (social and academic); inappropriate expectations; lack of structure; and a lack of sense of relevance. We will be focusing on non-punitive solutions to problems based on kindness, firmness, dignity and respect. True discipline comes from an internal locus of control (self-discipline), not an external locus of control (punishments and rewards inflicted by someone else). Some of the strategies used in our classroom will be proactive and some will be reactive. Many proactive strategies will be in place so that the use of reactive strategies is limited. These strategies include, but are not limited to: . Classroom Organization- Typically a Proactive Strategy although can be reevaluated as a Reactive Strategy- Classroom is thoughtfully designed to welcome all children, value everyone’s ideas and work, support active and engaged learning, support diverse developmental levels and learning styles, fosters independence, responsibility and cooperation, cultivates the care of materials and equipment, and gives students some choices in the learning process . Reinforcing teacher language- Proactive Strategy- Based on the idea of noticing what students are doing that we want them to keep doing; Names concrete or specific behaviors; Reflects important goals and values . Reminding teacher language- Proactive and/or Reactive Strategy- Reflects clearly established expectations; May be a question or a statement; Is brief and direct; is used when both the teacher and th... ... be sent to a â€Å"buddy room† to allow them a new environment to regain composure within) . Referral to Director, Assistant Director, or School Counselor- Reactive Strategy- Referrals to individuals outside of our classroom occur occasionally when o A Student’s behavior prohibits the class from moving forward in a productive way o If something occurs that the teacher believes needs immediate attention that cannot be given by the teacher at that moment o Others are perceived to be in danger References Nelsen, Jane. Positive Discipline. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006. Nelsen, Jane, Lynn Lott, and H. Stephen Glenn. Positive Discipline in the Classroom, 3rd ed. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000. Responsive Classroom, Level II Resource Book. Turner Falls, M.A.: Northeast Foundation For Children, Inc., 2008.

The Host Chapter 23: Confessed

The shadow was huge and misshapen. It loomed over me, top-heavy, swinging closer to my face. I think I meant to scream, but the sound got trapped in my throat, and all that came out was a breathless squeak. â€Å"Shh, it's just me,† Jamie whispered. Something bulky and roundish rolled from his shoulders and plopped softly to the floor. When it was gone I could see his true, lithe shadow against the moonlight. I caught a few gasps of air, my hand clutching at my throat. â€Å"Sorry,† he whispered, sitting down on the edge of the mattress. â€Å"I guess that was pretty stupid. I was trying not to wake Doc-I didn't even think how I would scare you. You okay?† He patted my ankle, which was the part of me closest to him. â€Å"Sure,† I huffed, still breathless. â€Å"Sorry,† he muttered again. â€Å"What are you doing here, Jamie? Shouldn't you be asleep?† â€Å"That's why I'm here. Uncle Jeb was snoring like you wouldn't believe. I couldn't stand it anymore.† His answer didn't make sense to me. â€Å"Don't you usually sleep with Jeb?† Jamie yawned and bent to untie the bulky bedroll he'd dropped to the floor. â€Å"No, I usually sleep with Jared. He doesn't snore. But you know that.† I did. â€Å"Why don't you sleep in Jared's room, then? Are you afraid to sleep alone?† I wouldn't have blamed him for that. It seemed like I was constantly terrified here. â€Å"Afraid,† he grumbled, offended. â€Å"No. This is Jared's room. And mine.† â€Å"What?† I gasped. â€Å"Jeb put me in Jared's room?† I couldn't believe it. Jared would kill me. No, he would kill Jeb first, and then he would kill me. â€Å"It's my room, too. And I told Jeb you could have it.† â€Å"Jared will be furious,† I whispered. â€Å"I can do what I want with my room,† Jamie muttered rebelliously, but then he bit his lip. â€Å"We won't tell him. He doesn't have to know.† I nodded. â€Å"Good idea.† â€Å"You don't mind if I sleep in here, do you? Uncle Jeb's really loud.† â€Å"No, I don't mind. But Jamie, I don't think you should.† He frowned, trying to be tough instead of hurt. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Because it's not safe. Sometimes people come looking for me at night.† His eyes went wide. â€Å"They do?† â€Å"Jared always had the gun-they went away.† â€Å"Who?† â€Å"I don't know-Kyle sometimes. But there are surely others who are still here.† He nodded. â€Å"All the more reason why I should stay. Doc might need help.† â€Å"Jamie -â€Å" â€Å"I'm not a kid, Wanda. I can take care of myself.† Obviously, arguing was only going to make him more stubborn. â€Å"At least take the bed,† I said, surrendering. â€Å"I'll sleep on the floor. It's your room.† â€Å"That's not right. You're the guest.† I snorted quietly. â€Å"Ha. No, the bed is yours.† â€Å"No way.† He lay down on the mat, folding his arms tightly across his chest. Again, I saw that arguing was the wrong approach to take with Jamie. Well, this one I could rectify as soon as he was asleep. Jamie slept so deeply it was almost a coma. Melanie could carry him anywhere once he was out. â€Å"You can use my pillow,† he told me, patting the one next to the side where he lay. â€Å"You don't need to scrunch up at the bottom there.† I sighed but crawled to the top of the bed. â€Å"That's right,† he said approvingly. â€Å"Now, could you throw me Jared's?† I hesitated, about to reach for the pillow under my head; he jumped up, leaned over me, and snatched the other pillow. I sighed again. We lay in silence for a while, listening to the low whistle of the doctor's breathing. â€Å"Doc has a nice snore, doesn't he?† Jamie whispered. â€Å"It won't keep you up,† I agreed. â€Å"You tired?† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"Oh.† I waited for him to say something more, but he was quiet. â€Å"Was there something you wanted?† I asked. He didn't answer right away, but I could feel him struggling, so I waited. â€Å"If I asked you something, would you tell me the truth?† It was my turn to hesitate. â€Å"I don't know everything,† I hedged. â€Å"You would know this. When we were walking†¦ me and Jeb†¦ he was telling me some things. Things he thought, but I don't know if he's right.† Melanie was suddenly very there in my head. Jamie's whisper was hard to hear, quieter than my breathing. â€Å"Uncle Jeb thinks that Melanie might still be alive. Inside there with you, I mean.† My Jamie. Melanie sighed. I said nothing to either of them. â€Å"I didn't know that could happen. Does that happen?† His voice broke, and I could hear that he was fighting tears. He was not a boy to cry, and here I'd grieved him this deeply twice in one day. A pain pierced through the general region of my chest. â€Å"Does it, Wanda?† Tell him. Please tell him that I love him. â€Å"Why won't you answer me?† Jamie was really crying now but trying to muffle the sound. I crawled off the bed, squeezing into the hard space between the mattress and the mat, and threw my arm over his shaking chest. I leaned my head against his hair and felt his tears, warm on my neck. â€Å"Is Melanie still alive, Wanda? Please?† He was probably a tool. The old man could have sent him just for this; Jeb was smart enough to see how easily Jamie broke through my defenses. It was possible that Jeb was seeking confirmation for his theory, and he wasn't against using the boy to get it. What would Jeb do when he was certain of the dangerous truth? How would he use the information? I didn't think he meant me harm, but could I trust my own judgment? Humans were deceitful, treacherous creatures. I couldn't anticipate their darker agendas when such things were unthinkable to my species. Jamie's body shook beside me. He's suffering, Melanie cried. She battered ineffectually at my control. But I couldn't blame this on Melanie if it turned out to be a huge mistake. I knew who was speaking now. â€Å"She promised she would come back, didn't she?† I murmured. â€Å"Would Melanie break a promise to you?† Jamie slid his arms around my waist and clung to me for a long time. After a few minutes, he whispered, â€Å"Love you, Mel.† â€Å"She loves you, too. She's so happy that you're here and safe.† He was silent long enough for the tears on my skin to dry, leaving a fine, salty dust behind. â€Å"Is everybody like that?† Jamie whispered long after I thought he'd fallen asleep. â€Å"Does everybody stay?† â€Å"No,† I told him sadly. â€Å"No. Melanie is special.† â€Å"She's strong and brave.† â€Å"Very.† â€Å"Do you think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused to sniff. â€Å"Do you think that maybe Dad is still there, too?† I swallowed, trying to move the lump farther down my throat. It didn't work. â€Å"No, Jamie. No, I don't think so. Not like Melanie is.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because he brought the Seekers looking for you. Well, the soul inside him did. Your father wouldn't have let that happen if he were still there. Your sister never let me see where the cabin was-she didn't even let me know that you existed for the longest time. She didn't bring me here until she was sure that I wouldn't hurt you.† It was too much information. Only as I finished speaking did I realize that the doctor wasn't snoring anymore. I could hear no noise from his breathing. Stupid. I cursed myself internally. â€Å"Wow,† Jamie said. I whispered into his ear, so close that there was no way the doctor could possibly overhear. â€Å"Yes, she's very strong.† Jamie strained to hear me, frowning, and then glanced at the opening to the dark hall. He must have realized the same thing I had, because he turned his face to my ear and whispered back softer than before. â€Å"Why would you do that? Not hurt us? Isn't that what you want?† â€Å"No. I don't want to hurt you.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Your sister and I have†¦ spent a lot of time together. She shared you with me. And†¦ I started to†¦ to love you, too.† â€Å"And Jared, too?† I gritted my teeth for a second, chagrined that he had made the connection so easily. â€Å"Of course I don't want anything to hurt Jared, either.† â€Å"He hates you,† Jamie told me, plainly grieved by the fact. â€Å"Yes. Everyone does.† I sighed. â€Å"I can't blame them.† â€Å"Jeb doesn't. And I don't.† â€Å"You might, after you think about it more.† â€Å"But you weren't even here when they took over. You didn't pick my dad or my mom or Melanie. You were in outer space then, right?† â€Å"Yes, but I am what I am, Jamie. I did what souls do. I've had many hosts before Melanie, and nothing's stopped me from†¦ taking lives. Again and again. It's how I live.† â€Å"Does Melanie hate you?† I thought for a minute. â€Å"Not as much as she used to.† No. I don't hate you at all. Not anymore. â€Å"She says she doesn't hate me at all anymore,† I murmured almost silently. â€Å"How†¦ how is she?† â€Å"She's happy to be here. She's so happy to see you. She doesn't even care that they're going to kill us.† Jamie stiffened under my arm. â€Å"They can't! Not if Mel's still alive!† You've upset him, Melanie complained. You didn't have to say that. It won't be any easier for him if he's unprepared. â€Å"They won't believe that, Jamie,† I whispered. â€Å"They'll think I'm lying to trick you. They'll just want to kill me more if you tell them that. Only Seekers lie.† The word made him shudder. â€Å"But you're not lying. I know it,† he said after a moment. I shrugged. â€Å"I won't let them kill her.† His voice, though quiet as a breath, was fierce with determination. I was paralyzed at the thought of him becoming more involved with this situation, with me. I thought of the barbarians he lived with. Would his age protect him from them if he tried to protect me? I doubted it. My thoughts scrambled, searching for some way to dissuade him without triggering his stubbornness. Jamie spoke before I could say anything; he was suddenly calm, as if the answer was plain in front of him. â€Å"Jared will think of something. He always does.† â€Å"Jared won't believe you, either. He'll be the angriest of them all.† â€Å"Even if he doesn't believe it, he'll protect her. Just in case.† â€Å"We'll see,† I muttered. I'd find the perfect words later-the argument that would not sound like an argument. Jamie was quiet, thinking. Eventually, his breathing got slower, and his mouth fell open. I waited until I was sure he was deeply under, and then I crawled over him and very carefully shifted him from the floor to the bed. He was heavier than before, but I managed. He didn't wake. I put Jared's pillow back where it belonged, and then stretched out on the mat. Well, I thought, I just hurled myself out of the frying pan. But I was too tired to care what this would mean tomorrow. Within seconds, I was unconscious. When I woke, the crevices in the ceiling were bright with echoed sunlight, and someone was whistling. The whistling stopped. â€Å"Finally,† Jeb muttered when my eyes fluttered. I rolled onto my side so that I could look at him; as I moved, Jamie's hand slid from my arm. Sometime in the night he must have reached out to me-well, not to me, to his sister. Jeb was leaning against the natural rock door frame, his arms folded across his chest. â€Å"Morning,† he said. â€Å"Get enough sleep?† I stretched, decided that I felt acceptably rested, and then nodded. â€Å"Oh, don't give me the silent treatment again,† he complained, scowling. â€Å"Sorry,† I murmured. â€Å"I slept well, thank you.† Jamie stirred at the sound of my voice. â€Å"Wanda?† he asked. I was ridiculously touched that it was my silly nickname that he spoke on the edge of sleep. â€Å"Yes?† Jamie blinked and pulled his tangled hair out of his eyes. â€Å"Oh, hey, Uncle Jeb.† â€Å"My room not good enough for you, kid?† â€Å"You snore real loud,† Jamie said, and then yawned. â€Å"Haven't I taught you anything?† Jeb asked him. â€Å"Since when do you let a guest and a lady sleep on the floor?† Jamie sat up suddenly, staring around, disoriented. He frowned. â€Å"Don't upset him,† I told Jeb. â€Å"He insisted on taking the mat. I moved him when he was asleep.† Jamie snorted. â€Å"Mel always used to do that, too.† I widened my eyes slightly at him, trying to convey a warning. Jeb chuckled. I looked up at him, and he had that same pouncing-cat expression he'd had yesterday. The solved-puzzle expression. He walked over and kicked the edge of the mattress. â€Å"You've already missed your morning class. Sharon's bound to be testy about that, so get a move on.† â€Å"Sharon is always testy,† Jamie complained, but he got to his feet quickly. â€Å"On your way, boy.† Jamie looked at me again, then he turned and disappeared into the hall. â€Å"Now,† Jeb said as soon as we were alone. â€Å"I think all this baby-sitting nonsense has gone on long enough. I'm a busy man. Everyone is busy here-too busy to sit around playin' guard. So today you're going to have to come along with me while I get my chores done.† I felt my mouth pop open. He stared at me, no smile. â€Å"Don't look so terrified,† he grumbled. â€Å"You'll be fine.† He patted his gun. â€Å"My house is no place for babies.† I couldn't argue with that. I took three quick, deep breaths, trying to steady my nerves. Blood pulsed so loudly in my ears that his voice seemed quiet in comparison when he spoke again. â€Å"C'mon, Wanda. Day's wasting.† He turned and stomped out of the room. I was frozen for a moment, and then I lurched out after him. He wasn't bluffing-he was already invisible around the first corner. I raced after him, horrified by the thought that I might run into someone else in this obviously inhabited wing. I caught up to him before he reached the big intersection of the tunnels. He didn't even look at me as I slowed beside him to match his pace. â€Å"‘Bout time that northeast field was planted. We'll have to work the soil first. Hope you don't mind getting your hands dirty. After we're done, I'll see that you get a chance to clean yourself up. You need it.† He sniffed pointedly, then laughed. I felt the back of my neck get hot, but I ignored the last part. â€Å"I don't mind getting my hands dirty,† I murmured. As I recalled, the empty northeastern field was out of the way. Perhaps we would be able to work alone. Once we got to the big plaza cave, we started passing humans. They all stared, infuriated, as usual. I was beginning to recognize most of them: the middle-aged woman with the long salt-and-pepper braid I had seen with the irrigation team yesterday. The short man with the round belly, thinning sandy hair, and ruddy cheeks had been with her. The athletic-looking woman with the caramel brown skin had been the one bent to tie her shoe the first time I'd come out here during the day. Another dark-skinned woman with thick lips and sleepy eyes had been in the kitchen, near the two black-haired children-perhaps she was their mother? Now we passed Maggie; she glowered at Jeb and turned her face away from me. We passed a pale, sick-looking man with white hair whom I was sure I'd never seen before. Then we passed Ian. â€Å"Hey, Jeb,† he said cheerfully. â€Å"Whatcha up to?† â€Å"Turning the soil in the east field,† Jeb grunted. â€Å"Want some help?† â€Å"Ought to make yourself useful,† Jeb muttered. Ian took this as an assent and fell into step behind me. It gave me goose bumps, feeling his eyes on my back. We passed a young man who couldn't have been many years older than Jamie-his dark hair stood up from his olive-toned forehead like steel wool. â€Å"Hey, Wes,† Ian greeted him. Wes watched in silence as we passed. Ian laughed at his expression. We passed Doc. â€Å"Hey, Doc,† Ian said. â€Å"Ian.† Doc nodded. In his hands was a big wad of dough. His shirt was covered with dark, coarse flour. â€Å"Morning, Jeb. Morning, Wanda.† â€Å"Morning,† Jeb answered. I nodded uneasily. â€Å"See you 'round,† Doc said, hurrying off with his burden. â€Å"Wanda, huh?† Ian asked. â€Å"My idea,† Jeb told him. â€Å"Suits her, I think.† â€Å"Interesting† was all Ian said. We finally made it to the northeastern field, where my hopes were dashed. There were more people here than there had been in the passageways-five women and nine men. They all stopped what they were doing and scowled, naturally. â€Å"Pay 'em no mind,† Jeb murmured to me. Jeb proceeded to follow his own advice; he went to a jumbled pile of tools against the closest wall, shoved his gun through the strap at his waist, and grabbed a pick and two shovels. I felt exposed, having him so far away. Ian was just a step behind me-I could hear him breathing. The others in the room continued to glower, their tools still in their hands. I didn't miss the fact that the picks and hoes that were breaking the earth could easily be used to break a body. It seemed to me, in reading a few of their expressions, that I wasn't the only one with that idea. Jeb came back and handed me a shovel. I gripped the smooth, worn wooden handle, feeling its weight. After seeing the bloodlust in the humans' eyes, it was hard not to think of it as a weapon. I didn't like the idea. I doubted I could raise it as one, even to block a blow. Jeb gave Ian the pick. The sharp, blackened metal looked deadly in his hands. It took all my willpower not to skip out of range. â€Å"Let's take the back corner.† At least Jeb took me to the least crowded spot in the long, sunny cave. He had Ian pulverize the hard-baked dirt ahead of us, while I flipped the clods over and he followed behind, crushing the chunks into usable soil with the edge of his shovel. Watching the sweat run down Ian's fair skin-he'd removed his shirt after a few seconds in the dry scorch of the mirror light-and hearing Jeb's grunted breaths behind me, I could see that I had the easiest job. I wished I had something more difficult to do, something that would keep me from being distracted by the movements of the other humans. Their every motion had me cringing and flinching. I couldn't do Ian's job-I didn't have the thick arm and back muscles needed to really chew into the hard soil. But I decided to do what I could of Jeb's, prechopping the clods into smaller bits before I moved on. It helped a little bit-kept my eyes busy and tired me out so that I had to concentrate on making myself work. Ian brought us water now and then. There was a woman-short and fair, I'd seen her in the kitchen yesterday-who seemed to have the job of bringing water to the others, but she ignored us. Ian brought enough for three every time. I found his about-face in regard to me unsettling. Was he really no longer intent on my death? Or just looking for an opportunity? The water always tasted funny here-sulfurous and stale-but now that taste seemed suspicious. I tried to ignore the paranoia as much as possible. I was working hard enough to keep my eyes busy and my mind numb; I didn't notice when we hit the end of the last row. I stopped only when Ian did. He stretched, pulling the pick overhead with two hands and popping his joints. I shied away from the raised pick, but he didn't see. I realized that everyone else had stopped, too. I looked at the fresh-turned dirt, even across the entire floor, and realized that the field was complete. â€Å"Good work,† Jeb announced in a loud voice to the group. â€Å"We'll seed and water tomorrow.† The room was filled with soft chatter and clanks as the tools were piled against the wall once more. Some of the talk was casual; some was still tense because of me. Ian held his hand out for my shovel, and I handed it to him, feeling my already low mood sink right to the floor. I had no doubt that I would be included in Jeb's â€Å"we.† Tomorrow would be just as hard as today. I looked at Jeb mournfully, and he was smiling in my direction. There was a smugness to his grin that made me believe he knew what I was thinking-not only did he guess my discomfort, but he was enjoying it. He winked at me, my crazy friend. I realized again that this was the best to be expected from human friendship. â€Å"See you tomorrow, Wanda,† Ian called from across the room, and laughed to himself. Everyone stared.

The Box Jellyfish

The Box Jellyfish is known as one of the most venomous creatures in the world and has caused significant injuries and fatalities (Straw 2010). Due to the box jellyfish’s dangerous nature much research has been carried out in regards to its physical appearance, habitat, mating habits and its known predators. Further research has been done in the area of its venomous properties and effective first aid procedures. It is hoped that with a better understanding of the box jelly fish, humans will be able to co-exist with it and be safer in the water. Box jellyfish are commonly found on the northern shores of Australia (Edmonds 2000). The box jellyfish seem to move towards the shore in calm waters when the tide is rising and gather near the mouths of rivers, estuaries and creeks following the rain (Gershwin 2002). These are also areas that are frequented by humans in their pursuit of leisure activities and therefore place humans at risk of being stung by the box jelly fish. The jellyfish has four distinct sides and is cubed shaped. This is what has given these jellyfish their common name of â€Å"Box Jellyfish†. A fully grown box jellyfish measures up to 20 centimetres along each box side and the tentacles can grow up to three metres in length. Each side has approximately 15 tentacles and 5000 nematocysts, which are the little stinging cells located on their tentacles. The box jelly fish can weigh up to two kilograms. Box jellyfish are pale blue in colour and are translucent, which makes them invisible in the water. So much so, that for years nobody knew what was causing swimmers such excruciating pain, and sometimes killing them. The animals have eyes but no brain so no one knows how they process what they see (Birgit, 2008). Mating behaviours in box jellyfish species are quite different compared to other marine species. Box Jellyfish usually mass spawn, during which males and females never touch while they release sperm and eggs into the ocean and let nature take its course (Live 2009). Box jellyfishes are fast-swimming hunters that move horizontally through the water up to speeds of seven kilometres an hour, with their tentacles trailing behind (Ayling 2007). This characteristic together with its translucent appearance gives it an effective means of travelling undetected and capturing its prey. It also means that humans would find them almost impossible to discover in the ocean. The box jellyfish on the other hand has few known predators. The Sea turtle which is unaffected by the box jellyfish’s sting and venom, is one of the few animals that eat the box jellyfish(Pryor 2009). The box Jelly fish is generally regarded as the most dangerous animal in the world (Pryor 2009). Its venom, which can be fatal, is responsible for more deaths in Australia than snakes, sharks, and salt water crocodiles put together (Emergy 2008). There are thousands of millions of stinging capsules that cover their tentacles (Sutherland and Sutherland 2006). When a swimmer bumps into the box jellyfish the thin tentacles get torn off, stick to the victim and inject the poison into their body. (Sutherland and Kennewell 1999). There are ways to minimise and survive box jellyfish stings. Small box jellyfish appear in October and grow larger throughout summer until March and April (Ayling, 2007). Swimmers are advised to stay in netted-off areas which are patrolled by life-`savers, wear covering such as long trousers or panty-hose and listen to the radio and television for warnings of the presence of the box jellyfish (Bolton 1992). Once a person has been stung vinegar is to be poured all over the jelly-like tentacles sticking to them. This kills the tentacles so they can be removed without injecting more poison (Sutherland and Kennewell 1999). It is recommend to commence mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and seek medical help immediately, should the effected person lose consciousness. Slow sustained mouth to mouth resuscitation until help arrives is considered the most important first aid procedure (Davey 1998). The Box Jellyfish has some unique physical characteristics which include its translucent and pale colour and its long tentacles that help it glide gracefully through the water at a high speed. Due to its unique habitat in shallow subtropical waters, which are also frequented by human beings the box jellyfish, as has been noted, can cause harm to human beings. Knowledge of the box jellyfish’s appearance and habitat is a step towards understanding this creature and hopefully this knowledge will assist in preventing injuries and fatalities. While the venom has caused fatalities, basic first aid measures, once known and understood can and have, prevented deaths. It is important to remember that where harm has been caused by the box jellyfish it is often due to people accidently swimming in an area frequented by box jellyfish or stepping on a box jellyfish as it lazily sleeps on the bottom of the shallow ocean. The box jellyfish does not actively seek to cause harm to humans. If humans respect the box jellyfish’s habitat and understand firstly, how to avoid them and secondly, what first aid to administer, the general public will be a lot safer. This can lead to a peaceful co existence with mutual respect. References: Ayling, T. (2007). The Great Barrier Reef: a world heritage national park Archerfield: Steve Parish. Birgit, L. (2008). The Australian Box Jellyfish: an exceptionally lethal creature. Retrieved from: http://www. outback-australia-travel-secrets. com/box-jellyfish. html. Bolton, F. (1992). A handbook of poisonous creatures in Australia. Gosford: Bookshelf Australia. Davey, K. (1998). A photographic guide to seashore life of Australia. Australia: New Holland. Doublet, D. 2010). Box Jellyfish Cubozoa. Retrieved from: http://animals. nationalgeographic. com/animals/invertebrates/box-jellyfish/ Edmonds, C. (2000). Field guide for medical treatment: dangerous marine Creatures. Australia: New Holland Emergy, D. (2008). The most dangerous animal in Australia. Retrieved from: http://blog. hotelclub. com/the-10-most dangerous-animals-in-Australia/. Gershwin, L. (2002). Great Barrier Reef: Box Jellyfish. Retrieved from ht tp://www. barrierreefaustralia. com/the-great-barrier-reef/jellyfish. htm. Live, S. (2009). The Box Jellyfish. Retrieved from: http:www. livescience. com/animals/09119-boxjelly. Pryor, K. (2009). Venom, poison and electricity. South Yarra’ Macmillan Education. Straw, R. (2010). The Box Jellyfish: Australia’s other marine killer. http://www. jyi. org/features/ft. php? id=189. Sutherland, S and Kennewell, S. (1999). Take care: Poisonous Australian animals. South Melbourne, Hyland House. Sutherland, S and Sutherland, J. (2006). Venomous creatures of Australia: A field guide with notes on first aid. Melbourne, Oxford University.

Tv good or bad essays

Tv good or bad essays What is television? The dictionary defines it as the transmission of visual images of moving and stationary objects, generally with accompanying sound, as electromagnetic waves and the reconversion of received waves into visual images. However in reality television is one mindless commercial after another. It is a constant barrage of consumer messages telling me what I want. Often television is unnecessary noise. Most importantly television is not as friendly and harmless as it seems. The number of negative problems directly linked to television far out weighs the positive rewards. Caught in our own addiction people often wonder what is so bad about it. Television has negative consequences on society, health, family and it is an addiction, however, there are some things about it that are not bad. Television exposes children to inappropriate language. So many children watch television unsupervised and pick up these words at young ages and start using them in public. Violence is another thing television viewers are overly exposed to. Viewers become desensitized to violence by watching it over and over on their television screen. Television is extremely graphic in its portraying of sex, drugs and many other negative conotations. Television contributes to trends of violence, crime, and drug increases. Television also reinforces sex roles and stereotyping. Family values are changing as a result of the popularity of television. It used to be that dinner was a meal eaten in the dinning room with the family present. The scene has changed to Hurry grab a plate and a TV tray, Survivor is about to start. Time that used to be spent with the kids or making the kids play out side has been replaced by TV time. The television has become a cheap babysitter, people let their kids watch it because the children stay quiet which allows parents to get things done. Some shows are okay but the excessive amounts we allow children to wa...